Comparison of adjectives বা Degree বলতে adjective-এর বিভিন্ন রূপকে বোঝায়।
Comparison of adjectives or Degree refers to different forms of the adjective.
It is divided into three types:
- Positive Degree
- Comparative Degree
- Superlative Degree
Positive Degree:
একটি sentence-এ noun বা pronoun-এর গুণ, দোষ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতি বোঝাতে adjective-এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Positive Degree বলে।
The form of an adjective which depicts a noun or pronoun’s quality, flaw or state is called Positive degree.
Example:
- He is a talented writer.
Comparative Degree:
দুটি noun বা pronoun-এর গুণ, দোষ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতির তুলনা করতে adjective-এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
The form of adjective which compares two nouns’ or pronouns’ quality, flaw or state is called Comparative degree.
Example:
- Arisha is taller than Trina.
Superlative Degree:
Adjective-এর যে রূপটি অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা করতে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Superlative Degree বলে।
The form of an adjective which is used to compare among many is called Superlative Degree.
Example:
- Shahab is the best player on the cricket team.
Change of Degrees:
Superlative Degree into Positive Degree
Rules of changing Superlative Degree into Positive Degree
Rule 1:
No other+ sentence-এ প্রদত্ত Superlative-এর পরের অংশ+verb+so/as+ Superlative degree-এর positive form+ as+ প্রদত্ত sentence-এর subject.
No other+ the latter part of the given Superlative in the sentence+ verb+ so/as +a positive form of the Superlative degree+ as+ given sentence’s subject.
Superlative: Saira is the tallest girl in the class.
Positive: No other girl is as tall as Saira.
Superlative: Shakib is the best player.
Positive: No other player is as good as Shakib.
Rule 2:
Rule of changing Superlative Degree having one of the, all other, many other, most other, very few, few other, into Positive Degree:
Very few+ sentence-এ প্রদত্ত Superlative-এর পরের অংশ+ verb-এর plural form+ so/as+ Superlative degree-এর positive form+ as+ প্রদত্ত sentence-এর subject.
Very few+ the latter part of the given Superlative in the sentence+ verb’s plural form+ so/as+ a positive form of the Superlative degree+ as+ given sentence’s subject.
Superlative: Sohana is one of the best students in her class.
Positive: Very few students in Sohana’s class are as good as her.
Superlative: Adil is one of the best players on the team.
Positive: Very few players in the team are as good as Adil.
Comparative Degree into Positive Degree
Rule 1:
Rule of changing Comparative Degree having than any other/ all other, into Positive Degree:
No other+ any other/ all other-এর পরের অংশ+ verb+so/as+ Comparative degree-এর positive form+ as+ মূল sentence-এর subject.
No other+ the latter part of any other/ all other in the sentence+ verb+so/as+ a positive form of the Comparative degree+ given sentence’s subject.
Comparative: Ahan is better than any other debater in the debate club.
Positive: No other debater in the debate club is as good as Ahan.
Comparative: Aruba is sweeter than all other singers in the program.
Positive: No other singers in the program is as sweet as Aruba.
Rule 2:
Rule of changing Comparative Degree having than, into Positive Degree:
বাক্যে Than-এর পরের অংশ + verb+ not+ so/as+ Comparative degree-এর Positive রূপ+ as+ মূল sentence-এর subject.
The latter part of than in the sentence+ verb+ not+ so/as+ Comparative degree’s positive form+ as+ given sentence’s subject.
Comparative: Ahan is stronger than Rihan.
Positive: Rihan is not as strong as Ahan.
Comparative: Lisa is taller than Raisa.
Positive: Raisa is not as tall as Lisa.
Rule 3:
Rule of changing Comparative Degree having than most other/ than few other, into Positive Degree:
Very few+ Sentence-এ most other/few other-এর পরের অংশ+verb-এর plural form+ so/as+ Comparative degree-এর Positive রূপ+ as+ মূল sentence-এর subject.
Very few+ The latter part of most other/few other in the sentence+ verb’s plural form+ so/as+ Comparative degree’s positive form+ as+ given sentence’s subject.
Comparative: Adil is more intelligent than most other students in the academy.
Positive: Very few students in the academy are as intelligent as Adil.
Rule 4:
Rule of changing Comparative Degree having No less/ not less, into Positive Degree:
No less/ not less উঠে গিয়ে সে স্থানে as বসে এবং than উঠে গিয়ে সে স্থানে as বসে, বাক্যের বাকি সবকিছু অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
‘As’ is placed in the places of “No less/ not less” and “than”, other things remain unchanged in the sentence.
Comparative: Karim is no less active than Rahim.
Positive: Karim as active as Rahim.
Comparative: Ria is not less intelligent than Dia.
Positive: Ria is as intelligent as Dia.
Rule 5:
Rule of changing Comparative Degree having No sooner had…. than, into Positive Degree:
No sooner had উঠে গিয়ে as soon as+ subject+ verb-এর past form+ than-এর পূর্বের অংশ+ than উঠে গিয়ে কমা বসে+ বাক্যের বাকি অংশ।
As soon as is placed in the place of No sooner had+ subject+ verb’s past form+ former part of than+ a comma (,) is placed in the place of than+ rest of the sentence.
Comparative: No sooner had he listened to it than he started laughing.
Positive: As soon as he listened to it, he started laughing.
Superlative Degree into Comparative Degree
Rule 1:
Subject+ verb+ Superlative-এর Comparative রূপ+ than any other+ বাক্যের বাকি অংশ।
Subject+ verb+ Superlative degree’s Comparative form+ than any other+ rest of the sentence.
Superlative: She is the most active member of the group.
Comparative: She is more active than any other member of the group.
Note: যদি of all থাকে, of all-এর বদলে than all other বসে।
If there is “of all” than all other is placed in the place of “All of”.
Superlative: He is the most honest of all men.
Comparative: He is more honest than all other man.
Rule 2:
Rule of changing Superlative Degree having one of the, into Comparative degree:
Subject+ verb+ Superlative-এর Comparative রূপ+ than most other+ বাক্যের বাকি অংশ।
Subject+ verb+ Superlative’s comparative form+ than most other+ rest of the sentence.
Superlative: Sohana is one of the most brilliant students in the class.
Comparative: Sohana is more brilliant than most other students in the class.
Positive Degree into Comparative Degree
Rule 1:
Rule of changing Positive Degree having no other, into Comparative degree:
মূল বাক্যের শেষের subject+ Positive degree-এর Comparative degree+ than any other+ No other-এর পর থেকে verb-আগে পর্যন্ত।
Main sentence’s subject situated at the last+ Positive degree’s Comparative form+ than any other+ latter part of “No other” up to the verb.
Positive: No other student in the class is as brilliant as him.
Comparative: He is more brilliant than most other student in the class.
Rule 2:
Rule of changing Positive Degree having very few, into Comparative degree:
মূল বাক্যের শেষের subject+ verb + Positive degree-এর Comparative degree + than most other+ very few-এর পর থেকে verb-আগে পর্যন্ত।
Main sentence’s subject situated at the last+ verb+ Positive degree’s Comparative form+ than most other+ latter part of “Very few” up to the verb.
Positive: Very few men are as honest as Mr. Abu Taleb.
Comparative: Mr. Abu Taleb is more honest than most other men.
Rule 3:
Rule of changing Positive Degree having As….as, into Comparative degree:
মূল বাক্যের শেষের subject+ verb+ not+ Positive degree-এর Comparative degree+ than+ মূল বাক্যের প্রথম subject।
Main sentence’s subject situated at the last+ verb+ not+ Positive degree’s Comparative form+ than+ Main sentence’s first subject.
Positive: She is as honest as her sister.
Comparative: Her sister is not more honest than her.
Comparative Degree into Superlative Degree
Rule 1:
Subject+ verb+ the+ Comparative-এর Superlative রূপ+ বাক্যে other-এর পরের অংশ।
Subject+ verb+ the+ Comparative’s Superlative form+ latter part of other in the sentence.
Comparative: He is more brilliant than any other student in the class.
Superlative: He is the most brilliant student in the class.
Note: any other-এর পরিবর্তে of all থাকলে, Superlative-এর পরে of all বসে।
Comparative: He is more brilliant than of all students.
Superlative: He is the most brilliant of all students.
Rule 2:
Rule of changing Comparative degree having than most other/ than few other, into Superlative degree:
Subject+ verb+ one of the+ Comparative-এর Superlative রূপ+ বাক্যে most other/few other-এর পরের অংশ।
Subject+ verb+ one of the+ Comparative’s Superlative form+ latter part of most other/ few other in the sentence.
Comparative: Arif is stronger than most other boys on the team.
Superlative: Arif one of the strongest boys on the team.
Positive Degree into Superlative Degree
Rule 1:
Rule of changing Positive degree having no other, into Superlative degree:
মূল বাক্যের শেষের subject+ verb+ the+ Positive-এর Superlative রূপ+ no other-এর পের থেকে verb-এর মাঝের অংশ।
Main sentence’s subject situated at the last+ verb+ the+ Positive degree’s Superlative form+ the part of the sentence between No other and the verb.
Positive: No other student in the class is as brilliant as Adil.
Superlative: Adil is the most brilliant student in the class.
Rule 2:
Rule of changing Positive degree having very few, into Superlative degree:
মূল বাক্যের শেষের subject+ verb+ one of the+ Positive-এর Superlative রূপ+ very few -এর পের থেকে verb-এর মাঝের অংশ।
Main sentence’s subject situated at the last+ verb+ one of the+ Positive degree’s Superlative form+ the part of the sentence between Very few and the verb.
Positive: Very few students in the class is as brilliant as Sohana.
Superlative: Sohana is one of the most brilliant students in the class.
