A complex sentence is characterized by one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
একটি Complex sentence এ একটি independent clause এবং কমপক্ষে একটি dependent clause থাকে।
Such as, I will wait here until you come.
On the other hand, a compound sentence is characterized by at least two independent clauses which can be used as separate sentences and are connected with coordinating conjunctions.
পক্ষান্তরে একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে ।
Such as, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
The rules for transforming complex sentence to compound sentence are discussed below.
Complex sentence কে compound sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম নীচে বর্ণিত হলো ।
Rule 1:
If the complex sentence has “though”/”Although” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “but”/”yet” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “though”/”Although” থাকলে, compound sentence “but”/”yet” conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে ।
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy.
Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Complex: Although she is ill, she worked very hard.
Compound: She is ill, yet she worked very hard.
Complex: Though the class was lengthy, the class was enjoyable.
Compound: The class was lengthy, but it was enjoyable.
Rule 2:
If the complex sentence has “lest” in the middle having “should” after the person, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “or”/”otherwise” to connect the different clauses, and future tense will be used in the second clause.
Complex sentence এর মাঝে যদি “lest” থাকে এবং person এর পরে “should” থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction “or”/”otherwise” ব্যবহার করে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এ future tense হয় ।
Complex: Study hard lest you should fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: Practice hard lest you should be out of the cricket team.
Compound: Practice hard otherwise you will be out of the cricket team.
Rule 3:
If the complex sentence has “As soon as” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use the conjunction “and” to join the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “As soon as” থাকলে, compound sentence “and” conjunction দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে ।
Complex: As soon as the rain stopped, we started the journey.
Compound: The rain stopped, and we started the journey.
Complex: As soon as the crowd saw the hero, they started shouting.
Compound: The crowd saw the hero and started shouting.
Rule 4:
If the complex sentence has “since”/”as”/”when” in the beginning, the compound sentence will use “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” to connect the different clauses.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “since”/”as”/”when” থাকলে, compound sentence “and”/”so”/”hence”/”therefore” দিয়ে পৃথক clause গুলোকে যুক্ত করে ।
Complex: Since the weather was bad, the match did not take place.
Compound: The weather was bad, and the match did not take place.
Complex: As she was ill, she did not come.
Compound: She was ill, so she did not come.
Complex: When it is evening, the sun has set to the west.
Compound: The sun has set to the west, and therefore it is evening.
Rule 5:
If the complex sentence has relative pronoun “who”, the compound sentence will use “and” in that place and object of the first clause will be the subject of the second clause.
Complex sentence এ relative pronoun “who” থাকলে, compound sentence সে স্থানে “and” ব্যবহার করে এবং প্রথম clause এর object দ্বিতীয় clause এর subject হয়ে যায় ।
Complex: I saw a girl who was singing.
Compound: I saw a girl, and she was singing.
Complex: I have a friend who is a writer.
Compound: I have a friend, and she is a writer.
Rule 6:
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it bears a negative meaning while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ affirmative form of subordinate clause+ or/otherwise+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে first or third person থাকলে এবং তা যদি negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তবে compound করার সময় এই structure follow করা হয় “Let+ pronoun এর object form + subordinate clause এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause” ।
Complex: If I do not go there I will be unable to learn it.
Compound: let me go there or/otherwise I will be unable to learn it.
Complex: if I do not study hard I will be unable to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard or/otherwise I will be unable to get good marks.
Rule 7:
If the complex sentence starts with “if” having first or third person after it and it is in affirmative form while transforming it to compound this structure will be followed, “Let+ object form of pronoun+ “and” between two clauses+ main clause”.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে first or third person থাকলে এবং তা যদি affirmative form এ থাকে তবে compound করার সময় এই structure follow করা হয়, “Let+ pronoun এর object form + দুই clauses এর মাঝে “and” + main clause” ।
Complex: If I go there, I will be able to learn it.
Compound: let me go there, and I will be able to learn it.
Complex: if I study hard, I will be able to get good marks.
Compound: Let me study hard, and I will be able to get good marks.
Rule 8:
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and expressing a negative meaning, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ or/otherwise + the main clause.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person থাকলে এবং তা যদি negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তবে compound করার সময় “If you do not” উঠে গিয়ে verb এর affirmative form + or/otherwise + main clause হয় ।
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
Compound: Study hard, or you will fail.
Complex: If you do not practice more, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice more, or you cannot become a good singer.
Rule 9:
When the complex sentence starts with “if” having the second person after it and it’s in affirmative form, the compound sentence will omit “If you do not” and use an affirmative form of verb+ and + main clause.
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “if” ও এর পরে second person থাকলে এবং তা যদি affirmative form এ থাকে তবে compound করার সময় “If you do not” উঠে গিয়ে verb এর affirmative form + and + main clause হয় ।
Complex: If you study hard, you will get good marks.
Compound: Study hard, and you will get good marks.
Complex: If you read more, your writing capability will increase.
Compound: Read more, and your writing capability will increase.
Rule 10:
If the complex sentence has “so…that” form, the compound sentence will follow this rule, “very “ in place of “so”; ”and” in place of “that” +so/hence/therefore+ main clause.
Complex sentence যদি “so…that” form এ থাকে তবে compound sentence এই নিয়ম follow করবে, “so” এর স্থানে “very “; “that” এর স্থানে ”and” +so/hence/therefore + main clause ।
Complex: I am so tired that I cannot work.
Compound: I am very tired, and so/hence/therefore I cannot work.
Complex: The place is so crowded that I cannot find a place to stand.
Compound: The place is very crowded, and so/hence/therefore I cannot find a place to stand.
Rule 11:
If the complex sentence starts with “Unless” following second person(you), the compound sentence will follow this structure, “Unless and you will be omitted + ”or” between two clauses+ main clause.”
Complex sentence এর শুরুতে “Unless” ও এর পরে second person (you) থাকলে , compound sentence এই structure follow করবে, “Unless ও you উঠে যাবে + দুই clause এর মাঝে ”or” + main clause ।
Complex: Unless you say prayers, you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Compound: Say prayers, or you cannot advise anyone to say prayers.
Complex: Unless you practice hard, you cannot become a good singer.
Compound: Practice hard, or you cannot become a good singer.
